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How can I manipulate individual bits??
How can I manipulate individual bits?? Bit manipulation is straightforward in C, and commonly done. To extract (test) a bit, use the bitwise AND (&amp;) operator, along with a bit mask representing the bit(s) you're interested in: value &amp; 0x04 To set a bit, use the bitwise OR (| or |=) o...
2015-02-20, 1743👍, 0💬

What does it really mean for a program to be legal or `valid or ``conforming?
What does it really mean for a program to be legal or `valid or ``conforming? Simply stated, the Standard talks about three kinds of conformance: conforming programs, strictly conforming programs, and conforming implementations. A conforming program is one that is accepted by a conforming implementa...
2015-11-23, 1742👍, 0💬

What is C language?
What is C language? The C programming language is a standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX operating system. It has since spread to many other operating systems, and is one of the most widely used programming languages. C...
2014-12-31, 1741👍, 0💬

I am sure I've got the trig functions declared correctly, but they are still giving me wrong answers.
I am sure I've got the trig functions declared correctly, but they are still giving me wrong answers. You weren't handing them angles in degrees, were you? C's trig functions (like FORTRAN's and most other languages) accept angles in radians. The conversion from degrees to radians is simple enough: ...
2015-06-29, 1740👍, 0💬

Can I use an ifdef in a #define line ...
Can I use an #ifdef in a #define line, to define something two different ways, like this? #define a b \ #ifdef whatever c d #else e f g #endif No. You can't ``run the preprocessor on itself,'' so to speak. What you can do is use one of two completely separate #define lines, depending on the #ifdef s...
2016-02-03, 1733👍, 0💬

I cant get strcat to work. I tried ...
I can't get strcat to work. I tried char *s1 = "Hello, ";br> char *s2 = "world!";br> char *s3 = strcat(s1, s2);br> but I got strange results. the main problem here is that space for the concatenated result is not properly allocated. C does not provide an automatically-managed string type. C compiler...
2016-03-09, 1732👍, 0💬

What is the use of trace utility?
What is the use of trace utility? Tracing is a very important monitoring and debugging tool for distributed, multitier applications. Such applications often contain problems that can only be observed when the application is under a heavy load and the inherent randomness of a real-life environment. T...
2014-11-10, 1728👍, 0💬

What is a good data structure to use for storing lines of text?
What's a good data structure to use for storing lines of text? I started to use fixed-size arrays of arrays of char, but they're just too restrictive. One good way of doing this is with a pointer (simulating an array) to a set of pointers (each simulating an array) of char. This data structure is so...
2015-02-25, 1725👍, 0💬

How can I do PEEK and POKE in C?
How can I access memory (a memory-mapped device, or graphics memory) located at a certain address? How can I do PEEK and POKE in C? Set a pointer, of the appropriate type, to the right number (using an explicit cast to assure the compiler that you really do intend this nonportable conversion): unsig...
2015-03-20, 1720👍, 0💬

Is it legal to pass a null pointer as the first argument to realloc? Why would you want to?
Is it legal to pass a null pointer as the first argument to realloc? Why would you want to? ANSI C sanctions this usage (and the related realloc(..., 0), which frees), although several earlier implementations do not support it, so it may not be fully portable. Passing an initially-null pointer to re...
2016-03-16, 1719👍, 0💬

How can I list all of the predefined identifiers?
How can I list all of the predefined identifiers? There's no standard way, although it is a common need. gcc provides a -dM option which works with -E, and other compilers may provide something similar. If the compiler documentation is unhelpful, the most expedient way is probably to extract printab...
2016-01-27, 1719👍, 0💬

I dont understand why I cant use const values in initializers ....
I don't understand why I can't use const values in initializers and array dimensions, as in const int n = 5; int a[n]; The const qualifier really means ``read-only''; an object so qualified is a run-time object which cannot (normally) be assigned to. The value of a const-qualified object is therefor...
2016-01-08, 1716👍, 0💬

Is there anything like an ifdef for typedefs?
Is there anything like an ifdef for typedefs? Unfortunately, no. (There can't be, because types and typedefs haven't been parsed at preprocessing time.) You may have to keep sets of preprocessor macros (e.g. MY_TYPE_DEFINED) recording whether certain typedefs have been declared.
2016-02-01, 1713👍, 0💬

Which of the following is the C# escape character for Null?
Which of the following is the C# escape character for Null? Which of the following is the C# escape character for Null? * \n * \0 * \f * \v \0
2014-08-06, 1712👍, 0💬

I mm compiling a program, and I seem to be missing one of the header files it requires
I mm compiling a program, and I seem to be missing one of the header files it requires There are several situations, depending on what sort of header file it is that's ``missing''. If the missing header file is truly a standard one (that is, one defined by the ANSI C Standard, such as &lt;stdio....
2016-02-05, 1711👍, 0💬

Does C have an equivalent to Pascals with statement?
Does C have an equivalent to Pascals with statement? No. The way in C to get quick and easy access to the fields of a structure is to declare a little local structure pointer variable (which, it must be admitted, is not quite as notationally convenient as a with statement and doesn't save quite as m...
2015-01-14, 1711👍, 0💬

Why does the call char scanf work?
Why does the call char s[30]; scanf("%s", s); work? I thought you always needed an & on each variable passed to scanf. You always need a pointer; you don't necessarily need an explicit &amp;. When you pass an array to scanf, you do not need the &, because arrays are always passed to func...
2015-10-30, 1709👍, 0💬

Why isnt there a numbered, multi-level break statement to break out
Why isn't there a numbered, multi-level break statement to break out of several loops at once? What am I supposed to use instead, a goto? A:First, remember why it is that break and continue exist at all--they are, in effect, ``structured gotos'' used in preference to goto (and accepted as alternativ...
2015-01-30, 1709👍, 0💬

But what about main's third argument, envp?
But what about main's third argument, envp? It's a non-standard (though common) extension. If you really need to access the environment in ways beyond what the standard getenv function provides, though, the global variable environ is probably a better avenue (though it's equally non-standard).
2015-12-20, 1708👍, 0💬

Is there a way to have non-constant case labels (i.e. ranges or arbitrary expressions)?
Is there a way to have non-constant case labels (i.e. ranges or arbitrary expressions)? No. The switch statement was originally designed to be quite simple for the compiler to translate, therefore case labels are limited to single, constant, integral expressions. You can attach several case labels t...
2015-02-02, 1708👍, 0💬

How can I write a macro which takes a variable number of arguments ....
How can I write a macro which takes a variable number of arguments, or use the preprocessor to ``turn off'' a function call with a variable number of arguments? One popular trick is to define and invoke the macro with a single, parenthesized ``argument'' which in the macro expansion becomes the enti...
2016-01-19, 1706👍, 0💬

What does pragma once mean? I found it in some header files.
What does pragma once mean? I found it in some header files. It is an extension implemented by some preprocessors to help make header files idempotent; that is, to make sure that their contents are processed exactly once even if they are #included multiple times.Some people claim that #pragma once c...
2015-12-11, 1706👍, 0💬

Why doesn't sizeof tell me the size of the block of memory pointed to by a pointer?
Why doesn't sizeof tell me the size of the block of memory pointed to by a pointer? sizeof tells you the size of the pointer. There is no portable way to find out the size of a malloc'ed block. (Remember, too, that sizeof operates at compile time
2016-03-21, 1705👍, 0💬

Why doesnt C have nested functions?
Why doesnt C have nested functions? It's not trivial to implement nested functions such that they have the proper access to local variables in the containing function(s), so they were deliberately left out of C as a simplification. (gcc does allow them, as an extension.) For many potential uses of n...
2015-01-14, 1705👍, 0💬

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