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Why does the declaration extern int .....
Why does the declaration extern int f(struct x *p); give me an obscure warning message about ``struct x declared inside parameter list''? In a quirk of C's normal block scoping rules, a structure declared (or even mentioned) for the first time within a prototype cannot be compatible with other struc... 2016-01-11, 1740👍, 0💬

What printf format should I use for a typedef like size_t when I don't know whether it is long or some other type?
What printf format should I use for a typedef like size_t when I don't know whether it is long or some other type? Use a cast to convert the value to a known, conservatively-sized type, then use the printf format matching that type. For example, to print the size of a type, you might use printf("%lu... 2015-11-04, 1740👍, 0💬

Does the sizeof operator work in preprocessor if directives?
Does the sizeof operator work in preprocessor if directives? No. Preprocessing happens during an earlier phase of compilation, before type names have been parsed. Instead of sizeof, consider using the predefined constants in ANSI's &lt;limits.h>, if applicable, or perhaps a ``configure'' script.... 2016-02-03, 1739👍, 0💬

How can I include expansions of the macros .....
How can I include expansions of the __FILE__ and __LINE__ macros in a general-purpose debugging macro? One solution involves writing your debug macro in terms of a varargs function , and an auxiliary function which stashes the values of __FILE__ and __LINE__ away in static variables, as in: #include... 2016-01-15, 1739👍, 0💬

How can I tell how much destination buffer space ...
How can I tell how much destination buffer space I'll need for an arbitrary sprintf call? How can I avoid overflowing the destination buffer with sprintf? When the format string being used with sprintf is known and relatively simple, you can sometimes predict a buffer size in an ad-hoc way. If the f... 2015-10-19, 1739👍, 0💬

I am trying to sort an array of strings with qsort, using strcmp as the comparison function, but it is not working.
I am trying to sort an array of strings with qsort, using strcmp as the comparison function, but it is not working. By ``array of strings'' you probably mean ``array of pointers to char.'' The arguments to qsort's comparison function are pointers to the objects being sorted, in this case, pointers t... 2015-08-12, 1738👍, 0💬

I am trying to do some simple trig...
I'm trying to do some simple trig, and I am #including &lt;math.h>, but the linker keeps complaining that functions like sin and cos are undefined. Make sure you're actually linking with the math library. For instance, due to a longstanding bug in Unix and Linux systems, you usually need to use ... 2015-07-01, 1737👍, 0💬

Can I declare main as void, to shut off these annoying ....
Can I declare main as void, to shut off these annoying ``main returns no value'' messages? No. main must be declared as returning an int, and as taking either zero or two arguments, of the appropriate types. If you're calling exit() but still getting warnings, you may have to insert a redundant retu... 2015-12-20, 1736👍, 0💬

What is wrong with this code?
What's wrong with this code? char c; while((c = getchar()) != EOF) ... For one thing, the variable to hold getchar's return value must be an int. EOF is an ``out of band'' return value from getchar: it is distinct from all possible char values which getchar can return. (On modern systems, it does no... 2015-11-16, 1736👍, 0💬

Here is a good puzzle: how do you write a program which produces its own source code as output?
Here is a good puzzle: how do you write a program which produces its own source code as output? It is actually quite difficult to write a self-reproducing program that is truly portable, due particularly to quoting and character set difficulties. Here is a classic example (which ought to be presente... 2015-01-02, 1735👍, 0💬

I believe that declaring void main) cant fail ...
I believe that declaring void main() can't fail, since I'm calling exit instead of returning, and anyway my operating system ignores a program's exit/return status. It doesn't matter whether main returns or not, or whether anyone looks at the status; the problem is that when main is misdeclared, its... 2015-12-18, 1734👍, 0💬

What is the ANSI C Standard?
What is the ANSI C Standard? In 1983, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) commissioned a committee, X3J11, to standardize the C language. After a long, arduous process, including several widespread public reviews, the committee's work was finally ratified as ANS X3.159-1989 on December ... 2016-01-15, 1731👍, 0💬

Is exit status truly equivalent to returning the same status from main?
Is exit status truly equivalent to returning the same status from main? Yes and no. The Standard says that a return from the initial call to main is equivalent to calling exit. However, a return from main cannot be expected to work if data local to main might be needed during cleanup;A few very old,... 2015-12-16, 1731👍, 0💬

What is the difference between memcpy and memmove?
What is the difference between memcpy and memmove? memmove offers guaranteed behavior if the memory regions pointed to by the source and destination arguments overlap. memcpy makes no such guarantee, and may therefore be more efficiently implementable. When in doubt, it's safer to use memmove. It se... 2015-12-07, 1730👍, 0💬

What does it really mean for a program to be legal or `valid or ``conforming?
What does it really mean for a program to be legal or `valid or ``conforming? Simply stated, the Standard talks about three kinds of conformance: conforming programs, strictly conforming programs, and conforming implementations. A conforming program is one that is accepted by a conforming implementa... 2015-11-23, 1728👍, 0💬

I am sure I've got the trig functions declared correctly, but they are still giving me wrong answers.
I am sure I've got the trig functions declared correctly, but they are still giving me wrong answers. You weren't handing them angles in degrees, were you? C's trig functions (like FORTRAN's and most other languages) accept angles in radians. The conversion from degrees to radians is simple enough: ... 2015-06-29, 1728👍, 0💬

How do I send escape sequences to control a terminal or other device?
How do I send escape sequences to control a terminal or other device? If you can figure out how to send characters to the device at all , it's easy enough to send escape sequences. In ASCII, the ESC code is 033 (27 decimal), so code like fprintf(ofd, "\033[J"); sends the sequence ESC [ J . Some prog... 2015-04-20, 1728👍, 0💬

My programs prompts and intermediate output dont always show up on the screen ...
My program's prompts and intermediate output don't always show up on the screen, especially when I pipe the output through another program. It's best to use an explicit fflush(stdout) whenever output should definitely be visible (and especially if the text does not end with \n). Several mechanisms a... 2015-11-11, 1726👍, 0💬

How can I convert integers to binary or hexadecimal?
How can I convert integers to binary or hexadecimal? Make sure you really know what you're asking. Integers are stored internally in binary, although for most purposes it is not incorrect to think of them as being in octal, decimal, or hexadecimal, whichever is convenient. The base in which a number... 2015-02-13, 1725👍, 0💬

Can I use an ifdef in a #define line ...
Can I use an #ifdef in a #define line, to define something two different ways, like this? #define a b \ #ifdef whatever c d #else e f g #endif No. You can't ``run the preprocessor on itself,'' so to speak. What you can do is use one of two completely separate #define lines, depending on the #ifdef s... 2016-02-03, 1719👍, 0💬

How can I manipulate individual bits??
How can I manipulate individual bits?? Bit manipulation is straightforward in C, and commonly done. To extract (test) a bit, use the bitwise AND (&amp;) operator, along with a bit mask representing the bit(s) you're interested in: value &amp; 0x04 To set a bit, use the bitwise OR (| or |=) o... 2015-02-20, 1717👍, 0💬

What is C language?
What is C language? The C programming language is a standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX operating system. It has since spread to many other operating systems, and is one of the most widely used programming languages. C... 2014-12-31, 1707👍, 0💬

So can I query the malloc package to find out how big an allocated block is?
So can I query the malloc package to find out how big an allocated block is? Unfortunately, there is no standard or portable way. (Some compilers provide nonstandard extensions.) If you need to know, you'll have to keep track of it yourself. 2016-03-24, 1705👍, 0💬

Is it legal to pass a null pointer as the first argument to realloc? Why would you want to?
Is it legal to pass a null pointer as the first argument to realloc? Why would you want to? ANSI C sanctions this usage (and the related realloc(..., 0), which frees), although several earlier implementations do not support it, so it may not be fully portable. Passing an initially-null pointer to re... 2016-03-16, 1704👍, 0💬

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